Undertones
Five near whites run from #FFFDF8 at LRV 98 down to #F1EAE7 at LRV 83, a spread of 15 points that hides four separate tints. A matt white card exposes the undertone at the join within two seconds, and a 50 mm fan deck chip covers one hundredth of an A2 sample board.
Light
North light holds near 7500K from 09:00 to 16:00 and never turns warm, so a cool grey above LRV 65 returns bare concrete on a north facing wall. One green grey family runs from #DDE1DC at LRV 74 to #5B6668 at LRV 13, and the darker members gain.
Materials
Limestone #E8E4DB sits at LRV 78, travertine #BFB6A6 at 47, oak #8A6A45 at 16, walnut #5C4327 at 6 and basalt #3A3A38 at 4. Two materials in the same hue family need a gap of 25 LRV points or more, and sealing a stone closes that gap by up to 10 points.
Palettes
A five colour palette covers a whole house: #F0EDE6 at LRV 85 as field, #CBC6BA at 57 as secondary, #7C8C7F at 25 and #B4623B at 19 as accents, #2C2C2A at 3 as ink. In a 4 m by 5 m sitting room the 60 30 10 split works out at 62.5, 31.3 and 10.9 square metres.